ΤΟ ΠΑΡΟΝ ΑΡΘΡΟ ΕΙΝΑΙ ΠΙΑ OUT OF DATE
Το Slackware δεν είναι μονο η αρχαιότερη διανομή Linux αλλά εξακολουθεί να παραμένει πιστό στην UNIX φιλοσοφία, KISS...
Δηλαδή σε απλά Ελληνικά, κράτα το σύστημα σου όσο πιο απλό μπορείς, σχεδόν ηλίθια απλό...
Επίσημα το Slackware υποστιρίζει σε DE, το KDE (full plasma) και το XFCE. Επίσης κατά την εγκατάσταση (full) υπάρχουν και 3-4 WM...
Με το systemd δεν έχει προς το παρόν ακόμα παρτίδες, και η επίσημη θέση του αφεντικού και των developers είναι πως όσο δεν το έχουμε ανάγκη δεν υπάρχει λόγος να το εγκαταστήσουμε στην διανομή...
Αυτό ερμηνεύεται με πολλούς τρόπους βέβαια, πάντως για την ώρα δεν υπάρχει τέτοια πιθανότητα στο ορίζοντα αφού το 90% των χρηστών της διανομής δεν επιθυμούν κάτι τέτοιο.
Οι επικριτές του Slackware συνήθως εστιάζουν στην "αρχαία δομή και αρχιτεκτονική" Slackware , όπως και στο ότι δεν είναι μια "μοντέρνα" διανομή κ.α
Αυτά είναι γούστα βέβαια και φυσικά καμία διανομή δεν είναι θρησκεία ή δόγμα...
Προσωπικά δεν είμαι οπαδός κανενώς απλά κάνω το κέφι μου όπως θέλω και το Slack με φτιάχνει...
Σας παρουσιάζω λοιπόν μια προσωπική μου δουλειά, για την φάση και την εμπειρία.
Ίσως κάποιος νέος να έρθει σε επαφή για πρώτη φορά με το Slackware μέσω του Slackware-live.iso που έφτιαξα ή κάποιος παλιός να ξαναβρεί την πρώτη του αγάπη
To iso αυτό είναι ανεπίσημο βέβαια και δεν χρειάζεται να τα λέμε , αλλά επειδή χρειάζεται...
ΤΟ ΧΡΗΣΙΜΟΠΟΙΕΊΤΑΙ ΜΕ ΔΙΚΗ ΣΑΣ ΕΥΘΗΝΗ. ΔΕΝ ΥΠΑΡΧΕΙ ΚΑΠΟΙΟΣ ΕΙΔΟΥΣ ΕΓΓΥΗΣΗ ΓΙΑ ΑΥΤΟ ΤΟ ΠΡΟΙΟΝ
ΤΟ ΟΠΟΙΟ ΜΠΟΡΕΙ ΝΑ ΠΡΟΚΑΛΕΣΕΙ ΖΗΜΙΑ ΣΤΟΝ ΥΠΟΛΟΓΙΣΤΗ ΣΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΔΕΝ ΣΑΣ ΣΥΝΙΣΤΩ ΝΑ ΤΟ ΧΡΗΣΙΜΟΙΕΙΣΕΤΑΙ ΓΙΑ ΕΠΑΓΓΕΛΜΑΤΙΚΗ ΧΡΗΣΗ ΑΛΛΑ ΜΟΝΟ ΓΙΑ ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΤΙΚΟΥΣ ΣΚΟΠΟΥΣ.
Επειδη λοιπόν το Slackware είναι απαρχαιωμενη διανομή , χωρίς systemd και καθόλου μοντέρνα,
εδώ υπάρχει ένα
live_slackware iso και εδώ το
md5 έχει ένα ωραιώτατο μοντέρνο GNOME 42.3 το οποίο χτίστηκε λιθαράκι λιθαράκι για ένα Slackware64-current σύστημα χωρίς systemd
και έχει έτοιμο τον χρήστη
live με κωδικό
liveκαι το
root με κωδικό
rootΜπορείτε να το γράψετε σε στικάκι από 3.5 G και πάνω είτε με dd
dd if=slackware64-live-current.iso of=/dev/sdX status=progress
είτε με τον "Slackware" τρόπο, για 100% εγγυημένο απότέλσμα.
Δηλαδή πάρτε το συμηνένο script και ρίξτε το στον ίδιο καταλογο με το iso.
Έπειτα ανοίγουμε ένα terminal στον καταλογο και εκτελούμε
sh iso2usb.sh -i slackware-live-current.iso -o /dev/sdX
Είτε με dd είτε με το script το γράψετε, προσοχή στο /dev/sd
X ... όπου
Χ βάλτε το γράμμα που αντοιστιχεί στο usb stick σας. Πιθανά να είναι /dev/sd
b , μη σβήσετε κανένα εξωτερικό σκληρό και μετα με βρίζετε...
ενα πρόχειρο βιντεάκι με boot σε Vbox... για να δω αν παίξει οκ wayland + pipewire
αφού αυτό θέλουν τα μοντέρνα ντέσκτοπ...
#!/bin/bash
#
# Copyright 2015, 2016, 2017, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 Eric Hameleers, Eindhoven, NL
# All rights reserved.
#
# Redistribution and use of this script, with or without modification, is
# permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
#
# 1. Redistributions of this script must retain the above copyright
# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
# WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
# MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO
# EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
# PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS;
# OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
# WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
# OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
# ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
# Be careful:
set -e
# Limit the search path:
export PATH="/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/bin"
# Set to '1' if you want to ignore all warnings:
FORCE=0
# The default layout of the USB stick is:
# partition 1 (1MB),
# partition 2 (100 MB)
# partition 3 (claim all free space - specified as 0 MB).
# The script allows for an amount of free space to be left at the end
# (partition 4, unused by liveslak) in case you need this:
DEF_LAYOUT="1,100,-1,"
# By default, we use 'slhome.img' as the name of the LUKS home containerfile.
DEF_SLHOME="slhome"
SLHOME="${DEF_SLHOME}"
# By default, we use 'persistence' as the name of the persistence directory,
# or 'persistence.img' as the name of the persistence container:
DEF_PERSISTENCE="persistence"
PERSISTENCE="${DEF_PERSISTENCE}"
# Default persistence type is a directory:
PERSISTTYPE="dir"
# Timeout when scanning for inserted USB device:
SCANWAIT=30
# Set to '1' if we are to scan for device insertion:
SCAN=0
# Set to '1' if the script should not ask any questions:
UNATTENDED=0
# By default do not show file operations in detail:
VERBOSE=0
# Variables to store content from an initrd we are going to refresh:
OLDPERSISTENCE=""
OLDWAIT=""
OLDLUKS=""
OLDVERSION=""
# Version information stored in the ISO file:
VERSION=""
# Seconds to add to the initrd as wait-for-root value:
WAIT=5
# No LUKS encryption by default:
DOLUKS=0
# We are NOT refreshing existing Live content by default:
REFRESH=0
# These tools are required by the script, we will check for their existence:
REQTOOLS="blkid cpio cryptsetup extlinux fdisk find gdisk gzip isoinfo losetup lsblk lzip mkdosfs sgdisk syslinux wipefs xz"
# Path to syslinux files:
if [ -d /usr/share/syslinux ]; then
SYSLXLOC="/usr/share/syslinux"
GPTMBRBIN=$(find $SYSLXLOC -name gptmbr.bin)
elif [ -d /usr/lib/syslinux ]; then
SYSLXLOC="/usr/lib/syslinux"
GPTMBRBIN=$(find $SYSLXLOC -name gptmbr.bin)
else
# Should not happen... in this case we use what we have on the ISO
# and hope for the best:
SYSLXLOC="/"
GPTMBRBIN="gptmbr.bin"
fi
# Initialize more variables:
CNTBASE=""
CNTDEV=""
CNTFILE=""
HLUKSSIZE=""
LUKSHOME=""
LODEV=""
# Define ahead of time, so that cleanup knows about them:
IMGDIR=""
ISOMNT=""
CNTMNT=""
USBMNT=""
US2MNT=""
# Compressor used on the initrd ("gzip" or "xz --check=crc32");
# Note that the kernel's XZ decompressor does not understand CRC64:
COMPR="xz --check=crc32"
#
# -- function definitions --
#
# Clean up in case of failure:
cleanup() {
# Clean up by unmounting our loopmounts, deleting tempfiles:
echo "--- Cleaning up the staging area..."
# During cleanup, do not abort due to non-zero exit code:
set +e
sync
if [ $DOLUKS -eq 1 -a -n "$CNTDEV" ]; then
# In case of failure, only the most recent device should still be open:
if mount |grep -q ${CNTDEV} ; then
umount -f ${CNTDEV}
cryptsetup luksClose $(basename ${CNTBASE})
losetup -d ${LODEV}
fi
fi
[ -n "${ISOMNT}" ] && ( umount -f ${ISOMNT} 2>/dev/null; rmdir $ISOMNT 2>/dev/null )
[ -n "${CNTMNT}" ] && ( umount -f ${CNTMNT} 2>/dev/null; rmdir $CNTMNT 2>/dev/null )
[ -n "${USBMNT}" ] && ( umount -f ${USBMNT} 2>/dev/null; rmdir $USBMNT 2>/dev/null )
[ -n "${US2MNT}" ] && ( umount -f ${US2MNT} 2>/dev/null; rmdir $US2MNT 2>/dev/null )
[ -n "${IMGDIR}" ] && ( rm -rf $IMGDIR )
set -e
}
trap 'echo "*** $0 FAILED at line $LINENO ***"; cleanup; exit 1' ERR INT TERM
showhelp() {
cat <<EOT
#
# Purpose: to transfer the content of Slackware's Live ISO image
# to a standard USB thumb drive (or some other kind of external storage)
# and thus create a Slackware Live USB media.
#
# WARNING: Your USB thumb drive may contain data!
# If you are not using the refresh option '-r' then this data will be *erased* !
#
# $(basename $0) accepts the following parameters:
# -c|--crypt size|perc Add LUKS encrypted /home ; parameter is the
# requested size of the container in kB, MB, GB,
# or as a percentage of free space
# (integer numbers only).
# Examples: '-c 125M', '-c 2G', '-c 20%'.
# -d|--devices List removable devices on this computer.
# -f|--force Ignore most warnings (except the back-out).
# -h|--help This help.
# -i|--infile <filename> Full path to the ISO image file.
# -l|--lukshome <name> Custom path to the containerfile for your LUKS
# encrypted /home ($SLHOME by default).
# -o|--outdev <filename> The device name of your USB drive.
# -p|--persistence <name> Custom path to the 'persistence' directory
# or containerfile ($PERSISTENCE by default).
# -r|--refresh Refresh the USB stick with the ISO content.
# No formatting, do not touch user content.
# -s|--scan Scan for insertion of new USB device instead of
# providing a devicename (using option '-o').
# -u|--unattended Do not ask any questions.
# -v|--verbose Show verbose messages.
# -w|--wait <number> Add <number> seconds wait time to initialize USB.
# -y|--layout <x,x,x,x> Specify partition layout and sizes (in MB).
# Default values: '$DEF_LAYOUT' for 3 partitions,
# the '-1' value for partition 3 meaning
# 'use all remaining space',
# and an empty 4th value means 'do not reserve
# free space for a custom 4th partition'.
# -C|--cryptpersistfile size|perc
# Use a LUKS-encrypted 'persistence' file instead
# of a directory (for use on FAT filesystem)
# Format for size/percentage is the same
# as for the '-c' parameter.
# -P|--persistfile Use a 'persistence' container file instead of
# a directory (for use on FAT filesystem).
#
# Examples:
#
# $(basename $0) -i ~/download/slackware64-live-14.2.iso -o /dev/sdX
# $(basename $0) -i slackware64-live-xfce-current.iso -o /dev/mmcblkX -c 750M -w 15
# $(basename $0) -i slackware-live-current.iso -o /dev/sdX -y 1,200,-1,4096
#
EOT
}
# Uncompress the initrd based on the compression algorithm used:
uncompressfs () {
if $(file "${1}" | grep -qi ": gzip"); then
gzip -cd "${1}"
elif $(file "${1}" | grep -qi ": XZ"); then
xz -cd "${1}"
elif $(file "${1}" | grep -qi ": lzip"); then
lzip -cd "${1}"
fi
}
# Scan for insertion of a USB device:
scan_devices() {
local BD
# Inotifywatch does not trigger on symlink creation,
# so we can not watch /sys/block/
BD=$(inotifywait -q -t ${SCANWAIT} -e create /dev 2>/dev/null |cut -d' ' -f3)
echo ${BD}
} # End of scan_devices()
# Show a list of removable devices detected on this computer:
show_devices() {
local MYDATA="${*}"
if [ -z "${MYDATA}" ]; then
MYDATA="$(ls --indicator-style=none /sys/block/ |grep -Ev '(ram|loop|dm-)')"
fi
echo "#"
echo "# Removable devices detected on this computer:"
for BD in ${MYDATA} ; do
if [ $(cat /sys/block/${BD}/removable) -eq 1 ]; then
echo "# /dev/${BD} : $(cat /sys/block/${BD}/device/vendor 2>/dev/null) $(cat /sys/block/${BD}/device/model 2>/dev/null): $(( $(cat /sys/block/${BD}/size) / 2048)) MB"
fi
done
echo "#"
} # End of show_devices()
# Read configuration data from old initrd:
read_initrd() {
IMGFILE="$1"
OLDPERSISTENCE=$(uncompressfs ${IMGFILE} |cpio -i --to-stdout init |grep "^PERSISTENCE" |cut -d '"' -f2 2>/dev/null)
OLDWAIT=$(uncompressfs ${IMGFILE} |cpio -i --to-stdout wait-for-root 2>/dev/null)
OLDLUKS=$(uncompressfs ${IMGFILE} |cpio -i --to-stdout luksdev 2>/dev/null)
}
# Add longer USB WAIT to the initrd:
update_initrd() {
IMGFILE="$1"
# USB boot medium needs a few seconds boot delay else the overlay will fail.
# Check if we need to update the wait-for-root file in the initrd:
if [ "$OLDWAIT" = "$WAIT" -a $DOLUKS -eq 0 -a $REFRESH -eq 0 ]; then
return
fi
if [ -z "$IMGDIR" ]; then
# Create a temporary extraction directory for the initrd:
mkdir -p /mnt
IMGDIR=$(mktemp -d -p /mnt -t alienimg.XXXXXX)
if [ ! -d $IMGDIR ]; then
echo "*** Failed to create a temporary extraction directory for the initrd!"
exit 1
fi
fi
chmod 711 $IMGDIR
echo "--- Extracting Slackware initrd and adding rootdelay for USB..."
cd ${IMGDIR}
uncompressfs ${IMGFILE} \
| cpio -i -d -m -H newc
if [ $REFRESH -eq 1 ]; then
echo "--- Refreshing Slackware initrd..."
WAIT="$OLDWAIT"
if [ -n "$OLDLUKS" ]; then
echo "--- Detected LUKS container configuration:"
echo "$OLDLUKS" | sed 's/^/ /'
fi
echo "$OLDLUKS" >> luksdev
if [ "${PERSISTENCE}" != "${DEF_PERSISTENCE}" ]; then
# If the user specified a nonstandard persistence, use that:
echo "--- Updating persistence from '$OLDPERSISTENCE' to '$PERSISTENCE'"
sed -i -e "s,^PERSISTENCE=.*,PERSISTENCE=\"${PERSISTENCE}\"," init
elif [ "${PERSISTENCE}" != "${OLDPERSISTENCE}" ]; then
# The user did not specify persistence, re-use the retrieved value:
sed -i -e "s,^PERSISTENCE=.*,PERSISTENCE=\"${OLDPERSISTENCE}\"," init
echo "--- Re-use previous '$OLDPERSISTENCE' for persistence"
PERSISTENCE="${OLDPERSISTENCE}"
fi
else
if [ "${PERSISTENCE}" != "${DEF_PERSISTENCE}" ]; then
# If the user specified a nonstandard persistence, use that:
echo "--- Updating persistence from '$DEF_PERSISTENCE' to '$PERSISTENCE'"
sed -i -e "s,^PERSISTENCE=.*,PERSISTENCE=\"${PERSISTENCE}\"," init
fi
fi
echo "--- Updating 'waitforroot' time from '$OLDWAIT' to '$WAIT'"
echo ${WAIT} > wait-for-root
if [ $DOLUKS -eq 1 -a -n "${LUKSHOME}" ]; then
if ! grep -q ${LUKSHOME} luksdev ; then
echo "--- Adding '${LUKSHOME}' as LUKS /home:"
echo "${LUKSHOME}" >> luksdev
fi
fi
echo "--- Compressing the initrd image again:"
chmod 0755 ${IMGDIR}
find . |cpio -o -H newc |$COMPR > ${IMGFILE}
cd - 1>/dev/null
rm -rf $IMGDIR/*
} # End of update_initrd()
# Create a container file in the empty space of the partition
create_container() {
CNTPART=$1
CNTSIZE=$2
CNTBASE=$3
CNTENCR=$4 # 'none' or 'luks'
CNTUSED=$5 # '/home' or 'persistence'
# Create a container file or re-use previously created one:
if [ -f $USBMNT/${CNTBASE}.img ]; then
CNTFILE="${CNTBASE}.img"
CNTSIZE=$(( $(du -sk $USBMNT/${CNTFILE} |tr '\t' ' ' |cut -f1 -d' ') / 1024 ))
echo "--- Keeping existing '${CNTFILE}' (size ${CNTSIZE} MB)."
return
fi
# Determine size of the target partition (in MB), and the free space:
PARTSIZE=$(df -P -BM ${CNTPART} |tail -1 |tr -s '\t' ' ' |cut -d' ' -f2)
PARTSIZE=${PARTSIZE%M}
PARTFREE=$(df -P -BM ${CNTPART} |tail -1 |tr -s '\t' ' ' |cut -d' ' -f4)
PARTFREE=${PARTFREE%M}
if [ $PARTFREE -lt 10 ]; then
echo "*** Free space on USB partition is less than 10 MB;"
echo "*** Not creating a container file!"
exit 1
fi
# Determine requested container size (allow for '%|k|K|m|M|g|G' suffix):
case "${CNTSIZE: -1}" in
"%") CNTSIZE="$(( $PARTFREE * ${CNTSIZE%\%} / 100 ))" ;;
"k") CNTSIZE="$(( ${CNTSIZE%k} / 1024 ))" ;;
"K") CNTSIZE="$(( ${CNTSIZE%K} / 1024 ))" ;;
"m") CNTSIZE="${CNTSIZE%m}" ;;
"M") CNTSIZE="${CNTSIZE%M}" ;;
"g") CNTSIZE="$(( ${CNTSIZE%g} * 1024 ))" ;;
"G") CNTSIZE="$(( ${CNTSIZE%G} * 1024 ))" ;;
*) ;;
esac
if [ $CNTSIZE -le 0 ]; then
echo "*** Container size must be larger than ZERO!"
echo "*** Check your '-c' commandline parameter."
exit 1
elif [ $CNTSIZE -ge $PARTFREE ]; then
echo "*** Not enough free space for container file!"
echo "*** Check your '-c' commandline parameter."
exit 1
fi
echo "--- Creating ${CNTSIZE} MB container file using 'dd if=/dev/urandom', patience please..."
mkdir -p $USBMNT/$(dirname "${CNTBASE}")
CNTFILE="${CNTBASE}.img"
# Create a sparse file (not allocating any space yet):
dd of=$USBMNT/${CNTFILE} bs=1M count=0 seek=$CNTSIZE
# Setup a loopback device that we can use with cryptsetup:
LODEV=$(losetup -f)
losetup $LODEV $USBMNT/${CNTFILE}
if [ "${CNTENCR}" = "luks" ]; then
# Format the loop device with LUKS:
echo "--- Encrypting the container file with LUKS; enter 'YES' and a passphrase..."
until cryptsetup -y luksFormat $LODEV ; do
echo ">>> Did you type two different passphrases?"
read -p ">>> Press [ENTER] to try again or Ctrl-C to abort ..." REPLY
done
# Unlock the LUKS encrypted container:
echo "--- Unlocking the LUKS container requires your passphrase again..."
until cryptsetup luksOpen $LODEV $(basename ${CNTBASE}) ; do
echo ">>> Did you type an incorrect passphrases?"
read -p ">>> Press [ENTER] to try again or Ctrl-C to abort ..." REPLY
done
CNTDEV=/dev/mapper/$(basename ${CNTBASE})
# Now we allocate blocks for the LUKS device. We write encrypted zeroes,
# so that the file looks randomly filled from the outside.
# Take care not to write more bytes than the internal size of the container:
CNTIS=$(( $(lsblk -b -n -o SIZE $(readlink -f ${CNTDEV})) / 512))
dd if=/dev/zero of=${CNTDEV} bs=512 count=${CNTIS} || true
else
CNTDEV=$LODEV
# Un-encrypted container files remain sparse.
fi
# Format the now available block device with a linux fs:
mkfs.ext4 ${CNTDEV}
# Tune the ext4 filesystem:
tune2fs -m 0 -c 0 -i 0 ${CNTDEV}
if [ "${CNTUSED}" != "persistence" ]; then
# Create a mount point for the unlocked container:
CNTMNT=$(mktemp -d -p /mnt -t aliencnt.XXXXXX)
if [ ! -d $CNTMNT ]; then
echo "*** Failed to create temporary mount point for the LUKS container!"
cleanup
exit 1
else
chmod 711 $CNTMNT
fi
# Copy the original /home (or whatever mount) content into the container:
echo "--- Copying '${CNTUSED}' from LiveOS to container..."
HOMESRC=$(find ${USBMNT} -name "0099-slackware_zzzconf*" |tail -1)
mount ${CNTDEV} ${CNTMNT}
unsquashfs -n -d ${CNTMNT}/temp ${HOMESRC} ${CNTUSED}
mv ${CNTMNT}/temp/${CNTUSED}/* ${CNTMNT}/
rm -rf ${CNTMNT}/temp
umount ${CNTDEV}
fi
# Don't forget to clean up after ourselves:
if [ "${CNTENCR}" = "luks" ]; then
cryptsetup luksClose $(basename ${CNTBASE})
fi
losetup -d ${LODEV} || true
} # End of create_container() {
#
# -- end of function definitions --
#
# Parse the commandline parameters:
if [ -z "$1" ]; then
showhelp
exit 1
fi
while [ ! -z "$1" ]; do
case $1 in
-c|--crypt)
HLUKSSIZE="$2"
DOLUKS=1
# Needs unsquashfs to extract the /home
REQTOOLS="${REQTOOLS} unsquashfs zstd"
shift 2
;;
-d|--devices)
show_devices
exit
;;
-f|--force)
FORCE=1
shift
;;
-h|--help)
showhelp
exit
;;
-i|--infile)
SLISO="$(cd $(dirname $2); pwd)/$(basename $2)"
shift 2
;;
-l|--lukshome)
SLHOME="$2"
shift 2
;;
-o|--outdev)
TARGET="$2"
shift 2
;;
-p|--persistence)
PERSISTENCE="$2"
shift 2
;;
-r|--refresh)
REFRESH=1
shift
;;
-s|--scan)
SCAN=1
shift
;;
-u|--unattended)
UNATTENDED=1
shift
;;
-v|--verbose)
VERBOSE=1
shift
;;
-w|--wait)
WAIT="$2"
shift 2
;;
-y|--layout)
LAYOUT="$2"
shift 2
;;
-C|--cryptpersistfile)
DOLUKS=1
PLUKSSIZE="$2"
PERSISTTYPE="file"
shift 2
;;
-P|--persistfile)
PERSISTTYPE="file"
shift
;;
*)
echo "*** Unknown parameter '$1'!"
exit 1
;;
esac
done
# Before we start:
if [ "$(id -u)" != "0" -a $FORCE -eq 0 ]; then
echo "*** You need to be root to run $(basename $0)."
exit 1
fi
# More sanity checks:
if [ -z "$SLISO" ]; then
echo "*** You must specify the Live ISO filename (option '-i')!"
exit 1
fi
# Either provide a block device, or else scan for a block device:
if [ -z "$TARGET" ]; then
if [ $SCAN -eq 1 ]; then
echo "-- Waiting ${SCANWAIT} seconds for a USB stick to be inserted..."
TARGET=$(scan_devices)
if [ -z "$TARGET" ]; then
echo "*** No new USB device detected during $SCANWAIT seconds scan."
exit 1
else
TARGET="/dev/${TARGET}"
fi
else
echo "*** You must specify the Live USB devicename (option '-o')!"
exit 1
fi
elif [ $SCAN -eq 1 ]; then
echo "*** You can not use options '-o' and '-s' at the same time!"
exit 1
fi
if [ $FORCE -eq 0 -a ! -f "$SLISO" ]; then
echo "*** This is not a useable file: '$SLISO' !"
exit 1
fi
if [ $FORCE -eq 0 ]; then
if [ ! -e /sys/block/$(basename $TARGET) ]; then
echo "*** Not a block device: '$TARGET' !"
show_devices
exit 1
elif lsblk -l $TARGET |grep -w $(basename $TARGET) |grep -wq part ; then
echo "*** You need to point to the storage device itself, not a partition ($TARGET)!"
show_devices
exit 1
fi
fi
# Are all the required not-so-common add-on tools present?
PROG_MISSING=""
for PROGN in ${REQTOOLS} ; do
if ! which $PROGN 1>/dev/null 2>/dev/null ; then
PROG_MISSING="${PROG_MISSING}-- $PROGN\n"
fi
done
if [ ! -z "$PROG_MISSING" ] ; then
echo "-- Required program(s) not found in search path '$PATH'!"
echo -e ${PROG_MISSING}
if echo ${PROG_MISSING} |grep -wq zstd ; then
echo "-- Note that the 'zstd' program is missing which means"
echo "-- unsquashfs is not linking against it."
echo "-- Install the zstd and squashf-stools packages for zstd support."
fi
echo "-- Exiting."
exit 1
fi
# Retrieve the version information from the ISO:
VERSION=$(isoinfo -d -i "${SLISO}" 2>/dev/null |grep Application |cut -d: -f2-)
if [ $REFRESH -eq 0 ]; then
# We are creating a USB stick from scratch,
# i.e. not refreshing the Live content.
# Confirm wipe:
cat <<EOT
#
# We are going to format this device (erase all data) - '$TARGET':
EOT
else
# We are refreshing the Live content.
# Confirm refresh:
cat <<EOT
#
# We are going to refresh the Live OS on this device with '$VERSION'.
# Target is - '$TARGET':
EOT
fi
# Continue with the common text message:
cat <<EOT
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Vendor : $(cat /sys/block/$(basename $TARGET)/device/vendor 2>/dev/null)
# Model : $(cat /sys/block/$(basename $TARGET)/device/model 2>/dev/null)
# Size : $(( $(cat /sys/block/$(basename $TARGET)/size) / 2048)) MB
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# FDISK OUTPUT:
EOT
echo q |gdisk -l $TARGET 2>/dev/null | \
while read LINE ; do echo "# $LINE" ; done
if [ $UNATTENDED -eq 0 ]; then
cat <<EOT
*** ***
*** If this is the wrong drive, then press CONTROL-C now! ***
*** ***
EOT
read -p "Or press ENTER to continue: " JUNK
# OK... the user was sure about the drive...
fi
if [ $REFRESH -eq 0 ]; then
# Continue with the wipe/partitioning/formatting.
# Get the LABEL used for the ISO:
LIVELABEL=$(blkid -s LABEL -o value "${SLISO}")
# Use sgdisk to wipe and then setup the USB device:
# - 1 MB BIOS boot partition
# - 100 MB EFI system partition
# - Let Slackware have the rest
# - Make the Linux partition "legacy BIOS bootable"
# Make sure that there is no MBR nor a partition table anymore:
dd if=/dev/zero of=$TARGET bs=512 count=1 conv=notrunc
# We have to use wipefs before sgdisk or else traces of an old 'cp' or 'dd'
# of a Live ISO image to the device will not be erased.
# The sgdisk wipe command is allowed to have non-zero exit code:
wipefs -af $TARGET
sgdisk -og $TARGET || true
# After the wipe, get the value of the last usable sector:
ENDSECT=$(sgdisk -E $TARGET)
# Calculate partition layout in MB.
# User may specify custom non-zero sizes, also for keeping some free space:
if [ -z "$LAYOUT" ]; then LAYOUT=${DEF_LAYOUT}; fi
# Let's first determine whether the user wanted space for a 4th partition:
LP4=$(echo $LAYOUT |cut -d, -f4)
if [ -z "$LP4" ]; then LP4=$(echo $DEF_LAYOUT |cut -d, -f4) ; fi
LP1=$(echo $LAYOUT |cut -d, -f1)
if [ -z "$LP1" ]; then LP1=$(echo $DEF_LAYOUT |cut -d, -f1) ; fi
LP1_START=2048
LP1_END=$(( ${LP1_START} + ( ${LP1} *2048 ) - 1 ))
LP2=$(echo $LAYOUT |cut -d, -f2)
if [ -z "$LP2" ]; then LP2=$(echo $DEF_LAYOUT |cut -d, -f2) ; fi
LP2_START=$(( ${LP1_END} + 1 ))
LP2_END=$(( ${LP2_START} + ( $LP2 *2048 ) - 1 ))
LP3=$(echo $LAYOUT |cut -d, -f3)
if [ -z "$LP3" ]; then LP3=$(echo $DEF_LAYOUT |cut -d, -f3) ; fi
LP3_START=$(( ${LP2_END} + 1 ))
# The end of partition 3 depends on both values of LP3 and LP4:
if [ -n "${LP4}" ] && [ ${LP4} -gt 0 ]; then
LP3_END=$(( $ENDSECT - ( $LP4 * 2048 ) -1 ))
elif [ -n "${LP3}" ] && [ ${LP3} -gt 0 ]; then
LP3_END=$(( ${LP3_START} + ( $LP3 *2048 ) - 1 ))
else
# Give all remaining space to partition 3:
LP3_END=0
fi
# END calculating partition layout in MB.
# Setup the disk partitions:
sgdisk \
-n 1:${LP1_START}:${LP1_END} -c 1:"BIOS Boot Partition" -t 1:ef02 \
-n 2:${LP2_START}:${LP2_END} -c 2:"EFI System Partition" -t 2:ef00 \
-n 3:${LP3_START}:${LP3_END} -c 3:"Slackware Linux" -t 3:8300 \
$TARGET
sgdisk -A 3:set:2 $TARGET
# Show what we did to the USB stick:
sgdisk -p -A 3:show $TARGET
# Determine partition names independently of storage architecture:
TARGETP1=$(fdisk -l $TARGET |grep ^$TARGET |cut -d' ' -f1 |grep -E '[^0-9]1$')
TARGETP2=$(fdisk -l $TARGET |grep ^$TARGET |cut -d' ' -f1 |grep -E '[^0-9]2$')
TARGETP3=$(fdisk -l $TARGET |grep ^$TARGET |cut -d' ' -f1 |grep -E '[^0-9]3$')
# Create filesystems:
# Not enough clusters for a 32 bit FAT:
mkdosfs -s 2 -n "DOS" ${TARGETP1}
mkdosfs -F32 -s 2 -n "EFI" ${TARGETP2}
# KDE tends to automount.. so try an umount:
if mount |grep -qw ${TARGETP3} ; then
umount ${TARGETP3} || true
fi
# http://www.syslinux.org/wiki/index.php?title=Filesystem
# As of Syslinux 6.03, "pure 64-bits" compression/encryption is not supported.
# Modern mke2fs creates file systems with the metadata_csum and 64bit
# features enabled by default.
# Explicitly disable 64bit feature in the mke2fs command with '-O ^64bit';
# otherwise, the syslinux bootloader (>= 6.03) will fail.
# Note: older 32bit OS-es will trip over the '^64bit' feature so be gentle.
mkfs.ext4 -F -F -L "${LIVELABEL}" ${TARGETP3}
if ! tune2fs -O ^64bit ${TARGETP3} 1>/dev/null 2>/dev/null ; then
FEAT_64BIT=""
else
FEAT_64BIT="-O ^64bit"
fi
tune2fs -c 0 -i 0 -m 0 ${FEAT_64BIT} ${TARGETP3}
else
# Determine partition names independently of storage architecture:
TARGETP1=$(fdisk -l $TARGET |grep ^$TARGET |cut -d' ' -f1 |grep -E '[^0-9]1$')
TARGETP2=$(fdisk -l $TARGET |grep ^$TARGET |cut -d' ' -f1 |grep -E '[^0-9]2$')
TARGETP3=$(fdisk -l $TARGET |grep ^$TARGET |cut -d' ' -f1 |grep -E '[^0-9]3$')
fi # End [ $REFRESH -eq 0 ]
# Create temporary mount points for the ISO file and USB device:
mkdir -p /mnt
# ISO mount:
ISOMNT=$(mktemp -d -p /mnt -t alieniso.XXXXXX)
if [ ! -d $ISOMNT ]; then
echo "*** Failed to create a temporary mount point for the ISO!"
cleanup
exit 1
else
chmod 711 $ISOMNT
fi
# USB mounts:
USBMNT=$(mktemp -d -p /mnt -t alienusb.XXXXXX)
if [ ! -d $USBMNT ]; then
echo "*** Failed to create a temporary mount point for the USB device!"
cleanup
exit 1
else
chmod 711 $USBMNT
fi
US2MNT=$(mktemp -d -p /mnt -t alienus2.XXXXXX)
if [ ! -d $US2MNT ]; then
echo "*** Failed to create a temporary mount point for the USB device!"
cleanup
exit 1
else
chmod 711 $US2MNT
fi
# Mount the Linux partition:
mount -t auto ${TARGETP3} ${USBMNT}
# Loop-mount the ISO (or 1st partition if this is a hybrid ISO):
mount -o loop "${SLISO}" ${ISOMNT}
# Find out if the ISO contains an EFI bootloader and use it:
if [ ! -f ${ISOMNT}/EFI/BOOT/boot*.efi ]; then
EFIBOOT=0
echo "-- Note: UEFI boot file 'bootx64.efi' or 'bootia32.efi' not found on ISO."
echo "-- UEFI boot will not be supported"
else
EFIBOOT=1
fi
if [ $REFRESH -eq 0 ]; then
# Collect data from the ISO initrd:
read_initrd ${ISOMNT}/boot/initrd.img
else
# Collect data from the USB initrd:
read_initrd ${USBMNT}/boot/initrd.img
# Display the old Live version:
OLDVERSION="$(cat ${USBMNT}/.isoversion 2>/dev/null)"
if [ -n "${OLDVERSION}" -a -n "${VERSION}" ]; then
echo "--- Refreshing Live OS on USB (${OLDVERSION}) to '${VERSION}'."
fi
fi
# Copy the ISO content into the USB Linux partition:
echo "--- Copying files from ISO to USB... takes some time."
if [ $VERBOSE -eq 1 ]; then
# Show verbose progress:
rsync -rlptD -v --progress --exclude=EFI ${ISOMNT}/* ${USBMNT}/
elif [ -z "$(rsync --info=progress2 2>&1 |grep "unknown option")" ]; then
# Use recent rsync to display some progress because this can take _long_ :
rsync -rlptD --no-inc-recursive --info=progress2 --exclude=EFI \
${ISOMNT}/* ${USBMNT}/
else
# Remain silent if we have an older rsync:
rsync -rlptD --exclude=EFI ${ISOMNT}/* ${USBMNT}/
fi
if [ $REFRESH -eq 1 ]; then
# Clean out old Live system data:
echo "--- Cleaning out old Live system data."
LIVEMAIN="$(echo $(find ${ISOMNT} -name "0099*" |tail -1) |rev |cut -d/ -f3 |rev)"
rsync -rlptD --delete \
${ISOMNT}/${LIVEMAIN}/system/ ${USBMNT}/${LIVEMAIN}/system/
if [ -f ${USBMNT}/boot/extlinux/ldlinux.sys ]; then
chattr -i ${USBMNT}/boot/extlinux/ldlinux.sys 2>/dev/null
fi
rsync -rlptD --delete \
${ISOMNT}/boot/ ${USBMNT}/boot/
fi
# Write down the version of the ISO image:
if [ -n "$VERSION" ]; then
echo "$VERSION" > ${USBMNT}/.isoversion
fi
if [ -n "${HLUKSSIZE}" ]; then
# Create LUKS container file for /home:
create_container ${TARGETP3} ${HLUKSSIZE} ${SLHOME} luks /home
LUKSHOME=${CNTFILE}
fi
# Update the initrd with regard to USB wait time, persistence and LUKS.
# If this is a refresh and anything changed to persistence, then the
# variable $PERSISTENCE will have the correct value when exing this function:
# If you want to move your LUKS home containerfile you'll have to do that
# manually - not a supported option for now.
update_initrd ${USBMNT}/boot/initrd.img
if [ $REFRESH -eq 1 ]; then
# Determine what we need to do with persistence if this is a refresh.
if [ "${PERSISTENCE}" != "${OLDPERSISTENCE}" ]; then
# The user specified a nonstandard persistence, so move the old one first;
# hide any errors if it did not *yet* exist:
mkdir -p ${USBMNT}/$(dirname ${PERSISTENCE})
mv ${USBMNT}/${OLDPERSISTENCE}.img ${USBMNT}/${PERSISTENCE}.img 2>/dev/null
mv ${USBMNT}/${OLDPERSISTENCE} ${USBMNT}/${PERSISTENCE} 2>/dev/null
fi
if [ -f ${USBMNT}/${PERSISTENCE}.img ]; then
# If a persistence container exists, we re-use it:
PERSISTTYPE="file"
if cryptsetup isLuks ${USBMNT}/${PERSISTENCE}.img ; then
# If the persistence file is LUKS encrypted we need to record its size:
PLUKSSIZE=$(( $(du -sk $USBMNT/${PERSISTENCE}.img |tr '\t' ' ' |cut -f1 -d' ') / 1024 ))
fi
elif [ -d ${USBMNT}/${PERSISTENCE} -a "${PERSISTTYPE}" = "file" ]; then
# A persistence directory exists but the user wants a container now;
# so we will delete the persistence directory and create a container file
# (sorry persistent data will not be migrated):
rm -rf ${USBMNT}/${PERSISTENCE}
fi
fi
if [ "${PERSISTTYPE}" = "dir" ]; then
# Create persistence directory:
mkdir -p ${USBMNT}/${PERSISTENCE}
elif [ "${PERSISTTYPE}" = "file" ]; then
# Create container file for persistent storage.
# If it is not going to be LUKS encrypted, we create a sparse file
# that will at most eat up 90% of free space. Sparse means, the actual
# block allocation will start small and grows as more changes are written.
# Note: the word "persistence" below is a keyword for create_container:
if [ -z "${PLUKSSIZE}" ]; then
# Un-encrypted container:
create_container ${TARGETP3} 90% ${PERSISTENCE} none persistence
else
# LUKS-encrypted container:
create_container ${TARGETP3} ${PLUKSSIZE} ${PERSISTENCE} luks persistence
fi
else
echo "*** Unknown persistence type '${PERSISTTYPE}'!"
cleanup
exit 1
fi
# Use extlinux to make the USB device bootable:
echo "--- Making the USB drive '$TARGET' bootable using extlinux..."
mv ${USBMNT}/boot/syslinux ${USBMNT}/boot/extlinux
mv ${USBMNT}/boot/extlinux/isolinux.cfg ${USBMNT}/boot/extlinux/extlinux.conf
rm -f ${USBMNT}/boot/extlinux/isolinux.*
if [ -f "$SYSLXLOC"/vesamenu.c32 ]; then
# We will use our own copy only as a fallback,
# because it is better to use the version that comes with syslinux:
cp -a ${SYSLXLOC}/vesamenu.c32 ${USBMNT}/boot/extlinux/
fi
extlinux --install ${USBMNT}/boot/extlinux
if [ $EFIBOOT -eq 1 ]; then
# Mount the EFI partition and copy /EFI as well as /boot directories into it:
mount -t vfat -o shortname=mixed ${TARGETP2} ${US2MNT}
mkdir -p ${US2MNT}/EFI/BOOT
rsync -rlptD ${ISOMNT}/EFI/BOOT/* ${US2MNT}/EFI/BOOT/
mkdir -p ${USBMNT}/boot
echo "--- Copying EFI boot files from ISO to USB."
if [ $VERBOSE -eq 1 ]; then
rsync -rlptD -v ${ISOMNT}/boot/* ${US2MNT}/boot/
else
rsync -rlptD ${ISOMNT}/boot/* ${US2MNT}/boot/
fi
if [ $REFRESH -eq 1 ]; then
# Clean out old Live system data:
echo "--- Cleaning out old Live system data."
rsync -rlptD --delete \
${ISOMNT}/EFI/BOOT/ ${US2MNT}/EFI/BOOT/
rsync -rlptD --delete \
${ISOMNT}/boot/ ${US2MNT}/boot/
fi
# Copy the modified initrd over from the Linux partition:
cat ${USBMNT}/boot/initrd.img > ${US2MNT}/boot/initrd.img
sync
fi
# No longer needed; umount the USB partitions so we can write a new MBR:
if mount |grep -qw ${USBMNT} ; then umount ${USBMNT} ; fi
if mount |grep -qw ${US2MNT} ; then umount ${US2MNT} ; fi
# Install a GPT compatible MBR record:
if [ -n "${GPTMBRBIN}" ]; then
if [ -f ${GPTMBRBIN} ]; then
cat ${GPTMBRBIN} > ${TARGET}
fi
elif [ -f ${ISOMNT}/boot/syslinux/gptmbr.bin ]; then
cat ${ISOMNT}/boot/syslinux/gptmbr.bin > ${TARGET}
else
echo "*** Failed to make USB device bootable - 'gptmbr.bin' not found!"
cleanup
exit 1
fi
# Unmount/remove stuff:
cleanup
# THE END
